Microbes, also known as germs, are found everywhere in the human body. Some are bad for health, some are good, and some still have unknown purposes. When the germs in the body cause an illness to set in, it is common to take antibiotic drugs to fight off the bad microbes making you sick. There are hundreds of types of antibiotics that cure different infections, but one thing all these antibiotics have in common is that they kill off all microbes, both good and bad. Life science researchers at Rockefeller University in New York have been working on creating 'programmable' antibiotics that will be able to target specific germs instead of attacking all of them.
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Exxon Mobil, the most traded international oil and gas company in the world, donates millions of dollars annually to community organizations that work with the sciences, health and education. The company, which has headquarters in both Irving and Houston, Texas, has a long history of helping out local Texas organizations. Keeping with its commitment to working in Texas, Exxon Mobil recently announced that it will donate $18 million to three research institutions located within the Texas Medical Center in Houston.
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Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have received an immense amount of additional funding from the National Institute on Aging to assist them on the first large-scale clinical trial to study Alzheimer's disease that is underway. This clinical trial, called the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer’s Network Trials Unit (DIAN-TU) will work with people who have dominantly inherited forms of Alzheimer's to identify new drugs that can slow the onset of the disease, or stop it altogether.
Beginning with $5.5 million in funding this year, the trial will continue to receive funding from the NIH over the next five years to total $26 million. The National Institute of Aging has been supporting this research since 2012, when the project began. This new funding will allow the trial to add an additional 300-400 participants to the study, as well as assist the research team in adding new drugs to the study. The trial is being run in locations in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia, and this funding will help add 10-15 more locations.
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As the largest state in the continental U.S. and the second most populous state of all 50, it is no wonder that the Lone Star State is known for being BIG. Amongst the big things in Texas are three world-class research institutions: University of Texas Austin, Texas A&M University in College Station, and Texas Medical Center in Houston.
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Sepsis, the leading cause of death in hospitals throughout the United States, is caused when someone has a severe reaction to germs and bacteria. It often occurs as a complication to an infection or a surgery, when the immune system has been weakened and is unable to fight off bacteria. Considering how frequently sepsis occurs, it is surprising how under-represented it is in health talks and research. One researcher at the University of California Santa Barbara was recently awarded a $3.5 million grant from the NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute to continue his work on increasing sepsis survival rates. (Image on right courtesy of Wikimedia).
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There are thousands of genes in the human genome that all have different purposes. At least 3,000 of these genes are known to express proteins that can be altered by different medications, however, the FDA has only approved drugs that target around 10 percent of these genes. That means that there are still thousands of genes that have not been thoroughly studied that, with the help of the right medication, could be targeted to help improve human health. The National Institutes of Health Common Fund has awarded 8 U.S. institutions $5.8 million for a new collaborative three-year program called Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) that will study different genes and their potential to be modified by different medicines.
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There are currently 14 operating Proton Therapy Treatment Centers around the United States, and in 2015 a new center in Baltimore will be completed. The University of Maryland Baltimore, in collaboration with Advanced Particle Therapy LLC of San Diego, began constructing a $200 million Proton Therapy Cancer Center in 2012 that is on track to begin treating patients in 2015. Once completed, the new center will be the first Proton therapy Center in the Baltimore-Washington area, and only the 5th center of this type on the East Coast.
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After undergoing cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, many people experience a lapse in memory, known as chemo brain. Along with memory problems, chemo brain can also include having trouble concentrating, taking more time to finish simple tasks, and having trouble multi-tasking. The cause of chemo brain is currently unknown, but researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston (UTHealth) have recently discovered a possible cause of chemo brain. (Image on right courtesy of Wikimedia).
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Fragile X syndrome is a neurodegenerative, genetic disease that causes intellectual, behavioral, and learning challenges. According to the CDC, it is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and even though it affects both men and women, it occurs more commonly and more severely in men. There are many other diseases associated with Fragile X, such as autism and epilepsy. Currently, there are no cures for the syndrome, but there are treatments that can help people suffering from the disorder learn some important skills. Emory University researchers have recently received a $9 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to continue their study of Fragile X syndrome and its associated disorders.
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Lymphoma, a type of blood cancer, occurs when white blood cells begin behaving abnormally, and do not properly protect the body from infections and diseases. There are two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, and although between 30 and 60 percent of patients with lymphoma can be cured through different treatment methods like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there are still problems with lymphoma being resistant to some drugs used. The National Cancer Institute, part of the NIH, recently awarded the University of Arizona Tucson a 5-year, $1.59 million life science grant to study methods of combating drug resistance in lymphoma treatments.
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