Neuroscience and genetics are two important topics life scientists are consistently studying. Researchers from UC Davis found a promising treatment for Huntington's Disease, while UC San Francisco was awarded $185 million to build a new neuroscience research institute. Recently on the East Coast, a team of researchers from the Columbia University Medical Center discovered a new neurodevelopmental syndrome as well as the genetic makeup of the mutations that cause the syndrome. (Image courtesy of Allen Ajifo via Wikimedia Commons)
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Scientists at UC Irvine have created a new method to quickly and accurately track the progression of Huntington’s disease. Irvine researchers studied Huntington’s proteins present in spinal fluid to determine that they held a “seeding” property, which is essential to the disease’s progression.
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Brain plasticity, or neuroplasticity, refers to the ability of the brain to react to the variety of changes that occur in the brain’s synapses or neural pathways over time. More specifically, plasticity involves changes that occur in the brain as a result of learning and experience, which is derived from emotions, behavior, thinking, and environment. As a person reaches adulthood, the brain loses plasticity and becomes more rigid in its layout and function. Loss of plasticity also commonly occurs in those affected with traumatic brain injuries or disease.
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According to the National Institute of Mental Health, schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about 1% of Americans. Schizophrenia often causes paranoia, hearing voices other people don't hear, and believing other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, or plotting to harm them.
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Stuttering is a potentially embarrassing, yet somewhat common affliction that affects nearly one percent of people worldwide. Characterized as a speech pattern in which people stumble, sputter and “trip over their tongue”, stuttering is one step closer to being understood thanks to researchers at UCSB.
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The Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP) is a recently-formed NIH initiative to advance research into biomarkers for the disease in order to better understand its progress and develop treatments. Some funded projects will focus on statistical analysis tools and data sharing among researchers. Others will examine early clinical manifestations of PD in patients. Still more will involve lab studies, including identification of genetic biomarkers as well as antibodies in the blood and changes in body chemistry. All projects "must inform the etiology, pathogenesis or treatment of PD," according to grant program guidelines. Research supported by the PDBP is being carried out at the 11 Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research (logo right), directed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) within the NIH.
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Neurobiology research has a long and storied history at Columbia University and its Medical School in New York, dating back to the groundbreaking work of American neurologist Harry Grundfest 60 years ago. 30 years ago Columbia became one of the first universities to bring together diverse, cross-disciplinary researchers in neighboring labs to study behavior at the cellular, molecular, and systems level. By 2004, when Columbia celebrated its 250th anniversary, university president Lee Bollinger (right) announced the formation of a Mind Brain Behavior Initiative to more productively bring scientists into an even more integrated research effort across not only the two existing New York City campuses, but with an anchor (and crossroads) at the new CU Manhattanville campus then in the active planning stages.
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