The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently launched a new network of institutions - called the Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG) - which will study common conditions such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and autism to see how genetics and DNA contribute to the risk of these diseases. The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis is one of four institutions involved in this network and will be receiving $60 million over the next four years to study genomics and common diseases.
The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University has greatly contributed to the field of genetics in the past. In 2008, the Institute was the first to successfully sequence the tumor of a cancer patient, and by comparing this sequence to that of normal tissue, mutations driving the growth of cancer were identified. Now, with the current grant, researchers in St. Louis will move beyond sequencing cancer and focus on studying common genetic diseases that are believed to stem from multiple genes and their interactions, instead of from genetic errors, which is what leads to cancer.
“Unlike with cancer, for heart disease or diabetes, we can’t easily compare genomes from healthy and diseased tissue within the same person to find clues as to the cause of disease,” Dr. Wilson explained. “Instead, we have to sequence and compare genomes from many people with a particular disease and many people without that disease to find these clues. And because of natural variation within the human population, the number of genomes we need to sequence to accomplish this is pretty spectacular.”
Along with studying a wide range of genomes to account for variation in the population, studying genomes from diverse backgrounds will also be a focus. Researchers want to know if diverse ethnic backgrounds contribute to the risk of getting these diseases, so the Washington University team will spend the first two years of their 4-year grant studying the onset of coronary heart disease and type 1 diabetes by sequencing genomes from Northern-European and African-American backgrounds.
“Washington University and the McDonnell Genome Institute have long histories of pioneering work in genetics and genomics,” explained David H. Perlmutter, MD, from the Washington University School of Medicine. “We are pleased to be joining other leading institutions to expand research that has the potential to advance personalized medicine. These new studies will allow us to probe deeply into the genetic basis of common diseases and provide the foundation for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.”
Other institutions involved in the CCDG and their funding include:
Washington University in St. Louis is a multi-million dollar research institution.
In the 2015 fiscal year, the university received more than $378 million in funding from the NIH, and so far in 2016 the university has already received $39.2 million from the NIH. Research projects at the university benefiting from this funding include:
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