With the support of a recently awarded $2.3 million NIH New Innovator Award, Pamela Kreeger from the University of Wisconsin, Madison will continue her research into what causes ovarian cancer in women to spread. Pamela Kreeger was one of 50 researchers to receive the prestigious New Innovator Award from the National Institutes of Health in 2014.
Ovarian cancer affects nearly 22,000 women each year and has around a 60 percent mortality rate. This form of cancer forms in a fallopian tube and then moves through the tube and ovaries on to metastatic sites. It is at these sites that ovarian cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapy. This movement of the cancer cells and what causes them to move is the primary research that this $2.3 million grant will help fund over the next five years. (Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)
"When we look at most cancers, we focus on gene mutations and how they impact the cells' behavior, and then that's the drug target," Kreeger explains. "Cancer is somewhat clonal, so early mutations tend to replicate throughout the tumor. But some cancers don't show this clear pattern of mutated genes for clinicians to target."
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Previous research has revealed that the majority of ovarian cancer cases have a mutation in the TP53 gene, which is plays a role in suppressing a gene that prevents cancer. A mutation in the TP53 gene, however, stops the other gene from being able to prevent cancer. Along with having a mutation in the TP53 gene, ovarian cancer patients also commonly have extra, or not enough, copies of other genes.
Kreeger's research focuses on studying whether protein expression plays a larger role in the spread of ovarian cancer than gene mutation. The spread of cancer cells and their resistance to chemotherapy will be studied through creating in vitro systems designed to act like ovarian cancer, allowing the researchers to watch what is happening.
"Progress in treating ovarian cancer over the last 30 years has been flat," Kreeger said. "One reason is that the disease is nearly universally diagnosed too late — so understanding ovarian cancer's early stages might lead to new screens for the disease, as well as potential treatments."
Ovarian cancer is one of many types of cancer that include both gene mutations and variations in proteins, so gaining a better understanding of ovarian cancer progression will help better understand other types of cancers as well.
The University of Wisconsin, Research Park in Madison (Image courtesy of Biotechnology Calendar, Inc.)
The National Institutes of Health grant University of Wisconsin, Madison researchers millions of dollars in funding each year. In the 2014 fiscal year, UW Madison received over $255 million from the NIH alone.
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